Brick-kiln.



K. W. KLOSE.

BRICK KILNY.

APPucATxoN FILED Aue.21, |914.

Patented May 4, 1915.

ww m1 ,Y @Y M ww mi V7 M .NUN N. L\ IWW my 2 THE NORRS PETERS CO..PHOTO-LITHO.. WASHINGTON. D. CA

K. W. KLOSE.

BRICK KILN.

APPLICATION FILED Aua.21. I9I4.-

1,138,387. Patented May 4, 1915.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

INVENTOH;

mT/YESSES f/Q x "Er www@ NORRS PETERS PHOTCFLITHOI. WASHINGTON, D. C.

KARL W. KLGSE, OF SENECA, KANSAS,

BRICK-Kinn.

Application filedl August 27,- 1914.

T0 all whom it may concern: y

Be it known that I, KARL W. KLosn, a citizen of the United States,residing at Seneca, in the county of Nemaha and State of Kansas, haveinvented a` certain new and useful Improvement in Brick- Kilns, of whichthe following is a full, clear, and eX- act description, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates vto improvements in brick kiln construction,particularly` to the ltype known as continuous tunnel kilns.

An object is to provide a continuous open top kiln, in which the bricksmaybe very conveniently handled, both invloading and removal. Y y

Another object is to provide an efficient arrangement of the fines,whereby the fuel may be most economically burned by using air heated inpassing through the fired ware and by which the course of the hotresultant gases may be regulated to bring them through the fresh setware.

Another object is the prevention of injury to the brick or tile, due tothe condensation of the gases causing a deposit on the brick.

`Another object is to so arrange the sides vwhich I accomplish the aboveobjects, lis

hereinafter more fully described in connection with a preferredembodiment thereof illustrated in the drawings.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section showing asuitable roof and a conveying hoist for the brick, Fig. 2 is a verticallongitudinal section of the same; Fig. 3 is a plan of the fire chambers,showing the arrangement of therflues; Fig. l is a perspective view ofthe fire chambers showing them filled, as when in operation.

In the embodiment shown in the drawings, there are two parallel firechambers 5 and 6. These chambers-having a suitable floor 7 preferably ofpacked earth, extending underneath both chambers and under vertical sidewalls 8A and 9 which have their tops substantially even with the surfaceof the ground. The ends of these chambers are closed by walls 10 andll,12 and 13, also coming even with the surface of the ground and restingon the floor 7. The two cham- Speccaton of Letters Patent.

Patented May a, 1915.

serial no. 858,926.

bers are divided by a comparatively thick j wall 15 having a hollowinterior 17, extending throughout its length and forming the main smokeiiue. This flue 17 is closed at one end, at 18, and opens at the otherend vinto a passage 19 leading to the small' chamthey leave temporarylongitudinal fines 25 (Fig. 1), adjacent the bottom ofthe chambers.Around and above these flues the bricks are separated allowing space forthe passage of the air and gases. At the top two Ilayers of brick arepiled tightly together,

and sand or earth is spread Vover them to a thickness of about one inchor more, thus transforming each chamber into a temporary closed tunnel.The air and gases are led in a circuitous course from the place whereVthe bricks are being taken out, (as at 26 in Fig. 1) to the end of thechamber, through the flues 25 to openings 28, leading into a transverseflue 29, in the end wall, and through other openings 28 in the end wallof the other chamber. The air is led through this chamber, feeding thefire, and the gases resultant from the fire are led through openings 30in theend walls 11 into a flue 32, back into the adjacent end of thechamber 6,

and thence to a point where they are drawn off adjacent the end 35 ofthe pile of brick in the chamber, which is the point where the greenbricks are being put in. In piling the bricks, they are so arranged thatvertical openings are left leading from the top of the bricks to thetemporary flues 25. The top of these openings are closed by removableplugs, indicated at 36 in Fig. 1. The fuel is supplied to the fire insmall quantities through these vertical openings by removing the plugs.

At substantially the central portion of the sides of the central wall17, are iues 38 leading into the wall and then upwardly, and opening atthe top thereof. Similar flues also designated 38, pass through thewalls 8 and 9 and then upwardly, to the top of the ground. These fluesare arranged at intervals throughout the length of the walls.

J ust outside of the walls 8 and 9 and beneath the surface of theground, are passages 40 and al, respectively, connected by transversepassages 44- and 45 adjacent the end walls of the chambers, forming apassage entirely around the two chambers 5 and 6. The longitudinalpassages Ll0 and 41 have openings 46 opposite the openings of the top ofthe flues 38 in the side walls S and 9. These passages are adapted `tobe connected with the side walls by removable U-shaped pipes i8 and 8b.Adjacent the4 junction of the passage with the passage 4:1, and adjacentthe junction of the passages 40 and L15, are provided suitable dampers50 adapted to open and close these passages. The main smoke flue 17 hasopenings 52 through the top of the wall 15, opposite the openings of theiues 38, and adapted to be connected therewith by other U -shaped pipesa8.

In operation the bricks are piled, as above described, in the chambersto a height substantially equal to the height of the side walls, leavingthe temporary fiues or passages 25 extending longitudinally of thechambers and registering at their endswith the openings 2S and 80, andthe fuel is supplied through the vertical passages, closed by the plugs3G. rfhe chambers are thus filled with brick, except a space where thebaked wareL is being taken out and the green ware put in. The removingof the baked brick at the forward side of this space and the loading ofgreen brick at the rear side of the space, is a continuous process.'The.

open space thus moves along one chamber to the end thereof, then ispartly in each chamber, and then travels throughout the other chamber,and so on, continuously. At the saine time, the fire is kept at a regionwhich is approximately midway between the points where the green ware isput in and the finished ware taken out by supplying fuel at a properdistance ahead of the point of the removing of the bricks.

Referring to Fig. Ll, the wall QG represents the place where the bricksare being taken out, and air passing through the bricks toward the fireacts to cool them before they are taken out, cooling the still warmerbricks adjacent thereto and passing onto the end of the chamber, throughthe 'openings 28 and the iiue 29 into the bricks in the other chamber,cooling these bricks somewhat. At the same time, the air highly heatedby them, so that the lire is fed by very hot air. From the lire theresultant gases pass on through the green ware, heating it almost toincandescence adjacent the fire, and warming the bricks in its path,passing through the passages 30 and 32 into the other chamber, and, somedistance bebore reaching the wall 35, through flues and through theU-shaped connections 4S.

These gases having warmed each section of the brick through which theyhave passed, rise in the chimney connected with the end of the main flue17, or, if a blower (as indicated at 22) is used, the gases may bethereby forcibly drawn from the flue 1'1".

1n order to prevent the gases escaping through the opcn end of the wall35, and at the same time obviate the necessity of using a series ofpermanent transverse walls, l avail myself of the common practice incontinuous tunnel kilns, namely, after a certain section of brick hasbeen put indsay the amount ordinarily put in in a day-its wall isentirely covered with paper and the next section of brick is piledagainst the paper. This prevents the draft entering at the wrong placeor passing out in the wrong direction. lVhen the next section of brick,however, is piled in place and another wall of paper is pasted over theend of the section, the lire will have advanced close enough to thei'irst wall so that the hot gases coming in contact with the paper willbe sur'licient to burn it, and thus pass through into the last inclosedsection of greeny brick. After each paper wall has been applied, and helast one before it has burned, the connections 4S adjacent that wall aremoved forward a distance equal to the section of brick last put in, thuscausing the gases to be drawn through the section of green brick. lndriving out the hygroscopic moisture of the bricks or water-smokingthem, it

'the common practice to heat them with the hot products of combustionfrom the tire.

.This is liable to cause an undesirable discolration or spotting of thebricks. To avoid this have devised means to drive on all the moisture inthe green bricks before the hot products of combustion reach them. Thisis accomplished by heating the green ware adjacent the wall 35 with air,taken from a lpoint behind the fire and shunted around the lire chambersand led back into the bricks at this point and then into the main line.Referring to Fig. l; air which is heated by passing over the hot bricksup to a point adjacent the iire is taken through fines 38 and U-shapedconnections 4S into the passage 40, through the passages and l1, andthen into the other lire chamber '3, through pipes 18D where it heatsthe green ware until the moisture is driven olf from it, and then istaken off through flues 8S and U-shaped connections i8 into the mainsmoke flue. In this manner the hot air which contains none of theproducts of combustion, is passed entirely around the fire and the pathof the products of combustion, and is used for water-sinoking the brickbefore the pipes 4S are moved forward (after putting in the next sectionof brick) bring-- ing the products of combustion through them. rlhewater smoking is. thus completed before the products of combustion reachthe ware, and undesirable discoloring and spotting ofthe brick by suchproducts Y is avoided.

Y I When the position of thefire is such that it is desired to bring thehot gases around the ends of the two chambers, 1 open the adjacentdamper 50 in this side passage and closethe other, thus insuring theproper direction of the draft to bring the hot gases around the nearestend. The openings of the fines 38y and the openings A6, not occupied bythe pipes 4-8, are normally closed by suitable removable plugs,indicated at 5i, Figs. l and 4C.

The entrance openings of thelues 38 being midway between the top andbottom of the side walls, provide for the heat of the gases coming fromthe ire more evenly drying the bricks, adjacent the point where thegases escape into the main flue 17, than as though the openings werenear the bottom or near the top of the walls. This is because, at thepoint adjacent the paper wall where the gases are being drawn'out of thechamber, they approach these openings in an approximatelyY arcual path,leaving .a portion of the chamber, at the corners, in which the brickare not in such intimate contact with the heated gases, and thus do notget the benefit of the full drying eii'ect of these gases just beforethey Venter the main flue. If the openings to these ilues are nearthe'top of the side walls, this unheated portion of the chamber is muchlarger at the bottom, or, if the openings are nearer the bottom, it iscorrespondingly large at the top, and the area or volume of thisunheated portion is much greater than when it is divided by placing theopenings at the middle portion of the walls.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, 60 indicates the roof, 61 and 62 the sidewalls, and 64: and 65 the end walls or" the superstructure or housingconstructed over the kiln. 66 indicates a floor above the kiln which maybe used for drying the green bricks. The heat from the kiln beneath,causes the brick to be much more quickly dried than when merely exposedto the atmosphere. Suspended beneath this floor 6G and runninglongitudinally over the center of each re chamber, are I-beams 67,adapted to support cars 68, for a hoist 70, to whichare attachedsuitable brick carriers, indicated at'72, by which the brick may beconveniently put into and taken from the firev chambers. These I- beamsmay extend outside of one of the end walls, as at 73, allowing thecarriers to be conveniently brought to vehicles for transporting thebrick.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

l. A continuous kiln having a bottom, side walls and an open top, aseries of individual luesin alside wallk opening at the top, acontinuous horizontal `flue adjacent thereto having upward openings,andi-means for connectingr selectively individual tlues jivith adjacentopenings ofthe continuou 2. A continuous kiln having abottom and sidewalls and an open top, a main flue in one of the wallsV having -upwardopenings, individual upright fines in such wall starting vfrom the faceof the wall and terminating at the top and adapted to be selectivelyconnected with the main iiue.

3. A continuous kiln below ground, having a bottom and side wallsforming an open top the full width of the kiln, a main flue havingseries of vupward openings, and a series of individual fines in the sidewalls opening upwardly at the top of the ground.

`4E. A continuous kiln comprising parallel iire chambers having a bottomand side walls and a central partition between the chambers having amain iiue, openings leading upwardly from the main iiue to the top ofthe partition, iiues in the partition leading upwardly and opening atthe top thereof, and means for connecting these openings with theopenings of the main flue.

5. A continuous kiln comprising a chamber having a bottom and sidewalls, a main i'iue Von one side oi the `chamber and an auxiliary flueon the other, two sets of individual upward iiues located in therespective side walls of the kiln, and means adapted to connectlselected individual fines with corresponding openings in the adjacentmain and auxiliary fines respectively.

6. A continuous kiln having a bottom and side walls the top of which areadjacent the surface ci' the ground, a main flue, upward fiues in theside walls, and a movable connection adapted to connect various oftheupward iiues with the main iues.

7. A continuous kiln having a bottom and side walls, a series of iuesinv the side walls opening upwardly, and a passage adjacent said wallshaving openings corresponding to the openings of said iiues, and movablemean's'adapted to yconnect the openings of said Vfines with the openingsof said passage. Y

' 8. A continuous kiln having a bottom and sidewalls substantially evenwith the top j of the ground, iiues opening upwardly and having entranceopenings substantially half-way up the wall, a longitudinal passageadjacent the wall and havingv openings yopposite the openings of theiues, movable means adapted to connect various of said openings withthe'flues, and a main smoke iue for the kiln.

9. A continuous kiln comprising parallel fire chambers each having abottom and side walls, a central partition having a main iiue thereinand openings leading upwardly from ries of flues opening into the sidewalls and extending upwardly and opening at the top of the ground, apassage adjacent said sidev vwalls having upward openings, means forconnecting various of these openings with the upward lues opening intothe side walls, Fand means for connecting the openings of the main fluewith the upwardly extending liues in the partition.

10. A continuous kiln having two parallel chambers having bottom andside walls, said side walls being below ground and having their topsSubstantially even with the surface of the ground, an intermediatepartition having a longitudinal draft flue therein, upwardly openingiues occurring atintervals throughout the length of the side walls andthe partition, upward openings in the top of the partition leading tothe draft flue, removable means adapted to connect various of saidopenings with the adjacent iues.

l1. A continuous kiln comprising longituu dinal parallel fire chambershaving a bottom, side and end walls, a dividing partition, a main draftiiue in this partition having openings in the top of the partition,fines in thispartition having their entrance openings intermediate ofthe top and bottom thereof leading upwardly and opening at the top ofthe partition, means for connecting the openings of these iiues with themain line, and transverse ilues adjacent the ends of each chamber andopenings from these flues into the adjacent ends of the chambers.

l2. ln a continuous kiln, the combination of a pair of longitudinalparallel fire chambers having bottom, side and end walls, said wallsvcoming even with the top 'of the ground, a dividing partition betweenthe two chambers, a main draft flue in said partition having openingsfrom the top of the partition into the liuc, flues in said partitionhaving their entrance openings intermediate of the top and bottom andtheir exit openings at the top thereof, lues in said side walls havingtheir entrance openings intermediate the top and bottom thereof andtheir exit openings at the top of the ground,

, a passage extending around the side and end walls adjacent thereto andbeneath the surface of the ground having openings adjacent CopiesV ofthis patent may be obtained for the side walls and opposite the flueopenings,

adjacent flue openings in the partition and the exit openings ofv theiiues leading through side walls with the adjacent passages.

13. A continuous kiln having a bottom and side walls, individual flueslocated in the side walls and starting from the face of the wall andhaving openings at the top, and longitudinal passages having a series ofopenings adjacent to the openings of said individual fines, and adaptedto be connected'therewith selectively. f

. 14:. A continuous kiln having a bottom and side walls, a series ofindividual flues located in the side walls andy having an entrancesubstantially half way up the wall and terminating at the top of thewall, a horizontal flue having a series of openings adjacent to the topopenings of the indi.- vidual fines, and means for connecting the topopenings of thel individual fines with openings of the horizontal flue.

15. A continuous kiln having a bottom `and upright side walls,individual flues located in one of such `side walls and each consistingof a passageway which extends substantially horizontally from the faceof the wall inwardly alud then turns upwardly substantially verticallyto the top of the wall, an adjacent horizontal flue extending past Vaplurality of the individual flues, said horizontal flue having upwardopenings adjacent to the individual flues, and means for connecting suchupward openings with the individual flues.

16. LA continuous kiln having two parallel chambers separated by apartition wall, a main horizontal iue located centrally in suchpartition wall, a series of individual fines located in said partitionwall on opposite sides of the main flue, said individual flues havingopenings into the kiln chambersand openings at the top, said main fluehaving a series of openings at the top adapted to be connected with theindividual flues.

ln testimony whereof, l hereunto ailix my signature in the presence oftwo witnesses.

. KARL W'. KLOSE. Witnesses:

A. N. GossnN, C. l). J. BRYANT.

five cents each, yby addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington,D. C.

